2.1.A
Knoten |
Position |
(x,y) |
Bedeutung |
|---|---|---|---|
1 |
\(\boldsymbol x_1\) |
\((2, 1)\,\mathrm{m}\) |
Anfang d. undeformierten Stabs |
2 |
\(\boldsymbol x_2\) |
\((6, 4)\,\mathrm{m}\) |
Ende d. undeformierten Stabs |
1‘ |
\(\boldsymbol x_{1'}\) |
\((1, \tfrac 3 2)\,\mathrm{m}\) |
Anfang d. deformierten Stabs |
2‘ |
\(\boldsymbol x_{2'}\) |
\((4, 6)\,\mathrm{m}\) |
Ende d. deformierten Stabs |
Vektor |
Farbe |
von |
nach |
Bedeutung |
|---|---|---|---|---|
\(\boldsymbol r = \boldsymbol x_2 - \boldsymbol x_1\) |
blau |
1 |
2 |
Vektor entlang undef. Stab |
\(\boldsymbol r' = \boldsymbol x_{2'} - \boldsymbol x_{1'}\) |
rot |
1‘ |
2‘ |
Vektor entlang def. Stab |
\(\boldsymbol u_1 = \boldsymbol x_{1'} - \boldsymbol x_{1}\) |
grün |
1 |
1‘ |
Verschiebung d. Stab-Anfangs |
\(\boldsymbol u_2 = \boldsymbol x_{2'} - \boldsymbol x_{2}\) |
grün |
2 |
2‘ |
Verschiebung d. Stab-Endes |
Berechnen Sie die tatsächliche Stabverlängerung \(\Delta \ell\) und die genäherte Stabverlängerung \(\Delta l\).
a)
Tatsächliche Verlängerung \(\Delta \ell\) und genäherte Verlängerung \(\Delta l.\) Details siehe M.2.J und Kinematik 2D.
Lösung
b)
Knoten |
Position |
|---|---|
1 |
\((2, 1)\,\mathrm{m}\) |
2 |
\((6, 4)\,\mathrm{m}\) |
1‘ |
\((1, 1)\,\mathrm{m}\) |
2‘ |
\((6, 5)\,\mathrm{m}\) |
Lösung
c)
Knoten |
Position |
|---|---|
1 |
\((8, 0)\, \mathrm{m}\) |
2 |
\((0, 2)\, \mathrm{m}\) |
1‘ |
\((9, 2)\, \mathrm{m}\) |
2‘ |
\((3, \tfrac 7 2)\, \mathrm{m}\) |
Lösung
Web-App
Web-App verwenden
Materialwerte etc. oben anpassen.
Knoten anfassen und verschieben.
Ergebnis unten ablesen.
Zur Frage, in welchen Fällen die genäherte Stabverlängerung eine gute Näherung für die tatsächliche Stabverlängerung ist, siehe hier.
| E / GPa | A / mm² | α / (10⁻⁶ K⁻¹) | ΔT / K |
|---|---|---|---|
| l / m | Δℓ / m | Δl / m | S / kN |
|---|---|---|---|
Source Code eines Programms dazu: Programm ausführen? Dazu: Copy: Source Code in die Zwischenablage kopieren. Paste: Source Code ins Eingabefeld hinter Play: Knopf SymPy
from sympy.physics.units import kg, m, s
from sympy import pi, S, pprint, symbols, cos, sin, Matrix, Eq, solve, sqrt, exp, atan
# Units:
N = kg*m/s**2
k, M, G = 10**3, 10**6, 10**9
kN = k*N
Pa = N/m**2
MPa, GPa = M*Pa, G*Pa
deg = pi/180
half = S(1)/2
# Rounding:
def iso_round(x, pv):
try:
x = float(x)
tmp = round(x, pv)
except TypeError:
x = x.evalf()
from functools import partial
func = partial(round, ndigits = pv)
tmp = x.applyfunc(func)
return tmp
def print_in_m(x):
"""
prints in m (meters)
"""
tmp = x / m
tmp = iso_round(tmp, prec)
pprint(tmp)
return
# Example:
# ex = "ex1"
# ex = "ex4"
ex = "02_06"
prec = 2
prec = 8
# Point positions:
if ex=="ex1":
P1 = [2,1]
P2 = [6,4]
P1p = [1,1 + half]
P2p = [4,6]
elif ex=="ex2":
P1 = [2,1]
P2 = [6,4]
P1p = [1,1]
P2p = [6,5]
elif ex=="ex3":
P1 = [8,0]
P2 = [0,2]
P1p = [9,2]
P2p = [3,3 + half]
elif ex=="ex4":
P1 = [ 0, 0]
P2 = [ 4, 2]
P1p = [-2, 1]
P2p = [ 4, 7]
elif ex=="02_06":
P1 = [ 0, 0]
P2 = [ 8, 2]
P1p = [-1, -1]
P2p = [ 7, 3]
P1, P2 = Matrix(P1) *m, Matrix(P2) *m
P1p, P2p = Matrix(P1p) *m, Matrix(P2p) *m
pprint("\n\nKinematics:")
pprint("\nr / m:")
r = P2 - P1
print_in_m(r)
pprint("\nr' / m:")
rp = P2p - P1p
print_in_m(rp)
pprint("\n|r| / m:")
rabs = r.norm()
print_in_m(rabs)
pprint("\n|r'| / m:")
rpabs = rp.norm()
print_in_m(rpabs)
pprint("\nφ / deg:")
rx, ry = r[0], r[1]
tmp = ry/(rabs + rx)
tmp = tmp.simplify()
phi = 2*atan(tmp)
tmp = phi / deg
tmp = iso_round(tmp,prec)
pprint(tmp)
pprint("\ne:")
c, s = cos(phi), sin(phi)
e = Matrix([c, s])
tmp = e
tmp = iso_round(tmp,prec)
pprint(tmp)
pprint("\nu1 / m:")
u1 = P1p - P1
print_in_m(u1)
pprint("\nu2:")
u2 = P2p - P2
print_in_m(u2)
pprint("\nΔu:")
du = u2 - u1
print_in_m(du)
pprint("\nΔℓ / m:")
dell = rpabs - rabs
dell = dell.simplify()
print_in_m(dell)
pprint("\nΔl / m:")
dl = e.dot(du)
dl = dl.simplify()
print_in_m(dl)
# pprint("\nElasticity:")
# E = 200 * GPa
# A = 20 *mm**2
# alpha = 12.e-6 / K
# # dT = 100 * K
# dT = 0 * K
# pprint("\nS / kN:")
# S = E*A*( dl/rabs - alpha *dT)
# tmp = S
# tmp /= kN
# tmp = iso_round(tmp,"0.1")
# pprint(tmp)
[ ]: einfügen.▶ drücken.